Analysts expect this extraordinary volatility to continue, and warned that just as Monday's huge 936-point surge in the Dow was overdone, there was little reason to trust that Thursday's gains would hold.
A rise in shares of Yahoo Inc. over renewed speculation it could cement a deal with one-time suitor Microsoft Corp. helped push the technology-laden Nasdaq composite index up more than 5 percent. Meanwhile, another sharp drop in oil prices helped make consumer discretionary stocks more attractive.
Stocks spent much of the session seeking a direction after Wednesday's steep dive, which took the Dow down 733 points in response to a stream of bad economic news that underscored the likelihood that the country is either in a recession or will be in one - and that a downturn could be severe. There was little news Thursday to counter those fears, but there were plenty of gyrations in stock prices and the major indexes.
"We're going to continue to see volatility. You're not going to see 50-point ranges, you're going to see two-three-four hundred point ranges," said Woody Dorsey, president of Market Semiotics, a financial forecasting firm in Castleton, Vt.
Indeed, the Dow changed directions 75 times in Thursday's session.
Investors initially appeared cheered by a better-than-expected reading from the Labor Department on consumer prices. The flat reading on September's Consumer Price Index compares with August's 0.1 percent decline, which was the first in nearly two years. The core index, which eliminates often volatile food and energy prices, rose 0.1 percent. Economists had been expecting CPI would rise to 0.1 percent and that core CPI would increase 0.2 percent.
Meanwhile, a weekly snapshot of the job market showed that first-time claims for unemployment benefits declined last week. The Labor Department said new claims fell 16,000 to a seasonally adjusted level of 461,000 - below the 475,000 that had been anticipated. Still, total unemployment remains above the level that economists often associate with recession.
And the Philadelphia Federal Reserve said regional manufacturing conditions weakened in October. The bank's regional index came in at a negative 37.5 compared with a positive 3.8 for September. That news followed word from the Federal Reserve that production at the nation's factories, mines and utilities plunged 2.8 percent last month, on top of a 1 percent drop in August. While the Fed estimated that disruptions related to hurricanes accounted for about 2.25 percentage points of the drop in industrial production, the news was still discouraging for market that is hypersensitive to anything negative about the economy.
Subodh Kumar, global investment strategist at Toronto-based Subodh Kumar & Associates, said markets are jittery because many investors' expectations about the economy were too rosy heading into the summer and the monthlong freeze in the credit markets has dealt the economy another blow, making it harder and more expensive for many businesses and consumers to get loans.
He said the volatility buffeting the markets reflects investors tinkering with their portfolios to match their more sober take on the health of the economy and some investors simply cashing out. That means some vehicles like mutual funds and hedge funds are entering a market already short on buyers and being forced to sell.
Because of investors' great anxiety about the economy, Wall Street is expected to remain volatile, as it has been since last month when the credit markets tightened and stocks plunged. The gyrations this week have been particularly intense, with the Dow industrials soaring 936 points Monday and falling 733 Wednesday following a weak report on retail sales and a disheartening assessment of the economy from the Federal Reserve.
On Thursday, the Dow rose 401.35, or 4.68 percent, to 8,979.26, showing an 816-point swing from its low to its high of the session. The Dow remains up 528 points, or 6.3 percent, for the week.
Broader stock indicators also jumped. The Standard & Poor's 500 index rose 38.59, or 4.25 percent, to 946.43, and the Nasdaq composite index rose 89.38, or 5.49 percent, to 1,717.71.
Advancing issues outnumbered decliners by about 2 to 1 on the New York Stock Exchange, where consolidated volume came to 7.86 billion shares, up from 6.4 billion traded Wednesday. The expiration of certain options contracts for October also likely added to volatility during the session.
While the credit markets are performing better than they were last week given several unprecedented actions by governments around the world - including the decision to buy stakes in private banks - they are hardly operating normally.
Investors are still seeking safety. Treasury bills remained in demand. The three-month Treasury bill on Thursday was yielding 0.47 percent, higher than 0.20 percent on Wednesday. The yield on the benchmark 10-year Treasury note, which moves opposite its price, fell to 3.97 percent from 3.98 percent late Wednesday.
Tom Higgins, chief economist at Payden & Rygel Investment Management in Los Angeles, said some professional investors are being forced to turn to the stock market because other markets remain largely paralyzed.
"The reason we're seeing volatility in the stock market is because it's the one market that's trading right now. If you have to liquefy your assets and you need access to cash immediately then the market you're going to do it in is the equity market and that's what I think is pushing around the indexes."
Jim Ferrare, senior portfolio manager at Pinnacle Associates in Red Bank, N.J., said the changes that will result from government actions around the world to revive the credit markets will take some time to emerge, letting uncertainty linger on Wall Street.
"Volatility is here for a while but also more importantly the change is not an overnight change," he said, referring to the government's steps to restore normal levels of lending.
The Wall Street's fear gauge rose to a record level Thursday. The Chicago Board Options Exchange Volatility Index, known as the VIX, rose to an all-time intraday high of 81.17, its first-ever move over 80. The VIX, which usually trades below 50, tracks options activity for the companies that make up the S&P 500.
Gains by Yahoo helped push the technology sector and the Nasdaq higher. The stock rose after Microsoft Chief Executive Steve Ballmer raised the possibility of renewing his attempt to buy the Internet search company.
In a presentation made at a Florida technology conference, Ballmer said a deal between Microsoft and Yahoo could "still make sense economically."
Microsoft issued a statement saying it has no interest in acquiring Yahoo and that the two companies aren't in talks. Earlier attempts to acquire Yahoo fell through.
But it was enough to help Yahoo shares, which early in the session fell to $11.37, their lowest level in five years. The stock finished up $1.24, or 10.6 percent, at $12.99, while Microsoft rose $1.53, or 6.8 percent, to $24.19.
Consumer products companies also rose as light, sweet crude fell $4.69 to settle at $69.85 a barrel on the New York Mercantile Exchange, the lowest settlement price since Aug. 23, 2007. Investors are hoping lower energy prices will leave more money in consumers' wallets.
Nike Inc. rose $5.61, or 11.1 percent, to $55.97, while Macy's Inc. rose $1.39, or 16 percent, to $10.05.
The dollar rose against other major currencies.
The Russell 2000 index of smaller companies rose 34.46, or 6.86 percent, to 536.57.
In Asian trading, Hong Kong's Hang Seng Index lost 4.8 percent, and Japan's Nikkei index dropped 11.41 percent, following Wednesday's drop in the U.S. In Europe, Britain's FTSE 100 fell 5.35 percent, Germany's DAX index fell 4.91 percent, and France's CAC-40 fell 5.92 percent.
