Police Commissioner Raymond Kelly detailed the information in a plan to avoid such shootings.
Cases in which undercover officers are actually fired on and killed are very rare.
Under the Governor's direction, the Task Force is exploring the root causes of police-on-police confrontations by examining the range of operational, sociological, and psychological factors that may contribute to them, and how new training, tactics, policies, procedures, re-orientation and technology might help prevent them. The inquiry focuses on mistaken identity incidents between on-duty and off-duty officers, between uniformed and undercover officers, and between officers of different races, nationalities and ethnicities. While the Task Force will not investigate specific incidents, it will make use of previous investigations and individual accounts to understand how and why such incidents occur and how they can be prevented.