The fire broke out in the basement of the Monticello Avenue apartment building just before 6 a.m.
Officials say more than 20 residents rushed to their fire escapes when thick smoke from the fire filled the building.
Several dogs and other pets were also rescued.
Two residents were taken to Jersey City Medical Center for treatment. One of the victims was overcome by smoke.
A firefighter was also treated for a shoulder injury.
More than 30 residents were displaced and the cause of the blaze remains under investigation.
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