Remy Ma, who could have faced up to 25 years in prison, was teary-eyed as she heard the sentence.
The rapper says the shooting last summer was an accident; an appeal is planned.
Correction officials say they called off her weekend wedding at the Rikers Island jail after the groom - fellow rapper Papoose - showed up with a handcuff key.
Remy Ma's lawyer, Ivan Fisher, denies that the key could be used to unlock handcuffs. Papoose is not charged.
Fisher says the two still plan to wed - perhaps after the bride-to-be's transfer to an upstate prison.